Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Volume 20, Issue 3 , Pages 451-466 , September 2006

Incidentally discovered masses in hypertensive patients

  • Franco Mantero, MD, PhD (Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +39 049 821 3007.

References 

  1. Lewinsky BS, Grigor KM, Symington T, et al. The clinical and pathologic features of “non hormonal” adrenocortical tumors. Report of twenty new cases and review of the literature. Cancer. 1974;33:778–790
  2. Griffin G. A-I-D-S: the new endocrine epidemic. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1994;79:1530–1531
  3. Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Bovio S, et al. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary. 2004;217–223
  4. Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, et al. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000;85:637–644
  5. Grumbach M, Biller BMK, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2003;138:424–429
  6. Masumori N, Adachi H, Hokfelt B. Detection of adrenal and retroperitoneal masses in a general health examination system. Urology. 1968;52:572–576
  7. Glazer HZ, Weyman PJ, Sagel SS, et al. Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1982;139:81–85
  8. Mantero F, Albiger N. A comprehensive approach to adrenal incidentalomas. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. 2004;48:583–591
  9. Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X. Adrenal incidentalomas. Current Opinion in Oncology. 2002;14:58–63
  10. Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, et al. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. Endocrine Reviews. 2004;25:309–340
  11. Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, et al. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000;85:1440–1448
  12. Terzolo M, Osella G, Ali A, et al. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentaloma. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford). 1998;48:89–97
  13. Emral R, Uysal AR, Asik M, et al. Prevalence of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in 70 patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical, biochemical and surgical outcomes. Endocrine Journal. 2003;50:399–408
  14. Manelli M, Ianni L, Cilotti A, et al. Pheochromocytoma in Italy: a multicentric retrospective study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1999;141:619–624
  15. Sutton MG, Sheps SG, Lie JT. Prevalence of clinically unsuspected pheochromocytoma: a review of a 50-years autopsy series. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1981;56:354–360
  16. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, et al. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocrine Reviews. 1995;16:460–484
  17. Rossi E, Regolisti G, Negro A, et al. High prevalence of primary aldosteronism using postcaptopril plasma aldosterone to renin ratio as a screening test among Italian hypertensives. American Journal of Hypertension. 2002;15:896–902
  18. Vierhapper H. Determination of aldosterone/rennin ratio in 269 patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Presented at: The Endocrine Society's 88th Annual Meeting 2006 OR 19-6; 99.
  19. Bernini G, Moretti A, Argenio G, et al. Primary aldosteronism in normokalemic patients with adrenal incidentalomas. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2002;146:523–529
  20. Nawar R, Aron D. Adrenal incidentalomas – a continuing management dilemma. Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2005;12:585–598
  21. Latronico AC, Crousos GP. Extensive personal experience: adrenocortical tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1997;82:1317–1324
  22. Liu AM, Maeda S, Hosone M, et al. Use of electron microscopic evaluation for the diagnosis of adrenal cortical carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report and review of the literature. Medical Electron Microscopy. 2001;34:190–197
  23. Young WF. Minireview: primary aldosteronism – changing concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Endocrinology. 2003;144:2208–2213
  24. Mantero F, Bedendo O, Opocher G. Does dynamic testing have a place in the modern assessment of endocrine hypertension?. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2003;26:92–98
  25. Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Mannelli M, et al. Phaeochromocytoma. Lancet. 2005;366:665–675
  26. Sawka AM, Jaeschke R, Singh RJ, et al. A comparison of biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: measurements of fractioned plasma metanephrines compared to the combination of 24 h urinary metanephrines and catecholamines. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003;88:553–558
  27. Bernini GP, Moretti A, Ferdeghini M, et al. A new human chromogranin “A” immunoradiometric assay for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. British Journal of Cancer. 2001;84:636–642
  28. Terzolo M, Bovio S, Pia A, et al. Midnight serum cortisol as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with a clinically inapparent adrenal adenoma. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2005;153:307–315
  29. Papanicolaou DA, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB, et al. A single midnight serum cortisol measurement distinguishes Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing states. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1998;83:1163–1167
  30. Raff H, Findling JW. A physiologic approach to diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2003;138:980–991
  31. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG, et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet. 2000;355:865–872
  32. Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, et al. Blood pressure and stroke. Stroke. 2004;35:776–785
  33. Mantero F, Arnaldi G. Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2000;29:107–125
  34. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Yutzy GG, et al. Differentiation of adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using CT attenuation values. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1996;166:531–536
  35. Lockhart ME, Smith JK, Kenney PJ. Imaging of adrenal masses. European Journal of Radiology. 2002;41:95–112
  36. Szolar DH, Kammerhuber FH. Adrenal adenomas and non adenomas: assessment of washout at delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology. 1998;207:369–375
  37. Arnaldi G, Angeli A, Atkinson AB, et al. Diagnosis and complications of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003;88:5593–5602
  38. Saeger W, Fassnacht M, Chita R, et al. High diagnostic accuracy of adrenal core biopsy: results of the German and Austrian adrenal network multicenter trial in 220 consecutive patients. Human Pathology. 2003;34:180–186
  39. Galzer GM, Woolsey EJ, Borrello J, et al. Adrenal tissue characteristics using MR imaging. Radiology. 1986;158:73–79
  40. Metser M, Miller E, Lerman H, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of adrenal masses. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2006;47:32–37
  41. Siren J, Tervahartiala P, Sivula A, et al. Natural course of adrenal incidentalomas: seven years follow-up study. World Journal of Surgery. 2000;24:579–582
  42. Grossrubatscher E, Vignati F, Possa , et al. The natural history of incidentally discovered adrenocortical adenomas: a retrospective evaluation. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2001;24:846–855
  43. Bernini G, Moretti A, Iacconi P, et al. Anthropometric haemodynamic, humoral and hormonal evaluation in patients with incidental adrenocortical adenomas before and after surgery. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2003;148:213–219
  44. Jaroszewski DE, Tessier DJ, Schlinkert RT, et al. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2003;78:1501–1504
  45. NIH Consensus Development Program. NIH state-of-the-science conference statement on: management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass (incidentaloma). 2002 Feb 4–6;19(2):1–25. Available at: http://consensus.nih.gov/2002/2002AdrenalIncidentalomasos021html.htm

PII: S1521-690X(06)00056-X

doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2006.07.009

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Volume 20, Issue 3 , Pages 451-466 , September 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution